Orthodontists receive specialized training to properly diagnose and treat malocclusions, or poor bites. Common issues treated through orthodontics include crowded, crossed, or overlapping teeth, gaps between teeth, and overbites or underbites where the upper and lower teeth do not align properly. Through the use of fixed appliances like braces or removable aligners, orthodontists are able to gradually move teeth into their proper positions to achieve a healthy bite.
Types of Malocclusions
There are several different types of malocclusions that Orthodontics work to correct:
- Crowding - When there is not enough room for all the teeth in the dental arch, resulting in teeth that are cramped or overlapping. This is one of the most common issues treated.
- Spacing - The opposite of crowding, with gaps present between teeth where extra space is available in the arch.
- Overbite - When the upper teeth overlap the lower teeth excessively from the front view.
- Underbite - When the lower teeth extend out in front of the upper teeth from the front view.
- Crossbite - When the upper and lower teeth do not mesh together properly from the side, often caused by improper eruption of one or more teeth.
- Open bite - When there is excessive vertical overlap between the front teeth, creating an open space between the biting surfaces.
Orthodontic Treatment Options
Traditional Braces
Standard metal braces are still the most common treatment choice. They use brackets bonded to the front of the teeth that are connected by an archwire which is tightened periodically. Rubber bands or other devices may also be added to adjust forces. Treatment usually lasts 1.5-2.5 years for most cases.
Lingual Braces
Similar to traditional braces but the brackets are glued to the back side of the teeth for a less noticeable appearance. Special lingual brackets and archwires are required which often makes treatment more difficult.
Ceramic Braces
Clear or tooth-colored brackets are bonded to the front of teeth but work the same as metal braces. They are more expensive than metal but less visible. Durability can sometimes be an issue.
Removable Aligners
Clear aligners like Invisalign are removable and replaceable every two weeks on average. They work by applying constant gentle force as teeth are moved into correct positions over weeks or months. Effectiveness depends on patient compliance wearing aligners as directed.
Retainers After Treatment
Once braces or aligners are removed, a clear retainer is usually worn after orthodontic treatment to maintain the proper position of the teeth and prevent a relapse of the malocclusion. Retainers must be faithfully worn as directed by the orthodontist, typically at night, for at least 1-2 years and sometimes longer.
Benefits of Orthodontic Treatment
Beyond improving dental appearance and aesthetics, orthodontics provides considerable functional and long term benefits to one's dental health and quality of life:
- Better oral hygiene. Straight teeth are much easier to keep clean which reduces the risk of cavities and gum disease.
- Reduced risk of tooth damage. Crooked teeth are more prone to premature contacts and cracks especially during biting.
- Protection of tooth roots. Teeth that overlap or are out of alignment can put excessive pressure on roots over time.
- Improved chewing and speaking abilities. Poor bites negatively impact chewing efficiency and speaking pronunciation.
- Preventing jaw problems. Misalignments can contribute to painful jaw joint issues like temporomandibular disorders.
- Self-esteem boost. Straighter teeth provide psychological benefits from feeling more confident in one's smile.
Who Benefits from Orthodontic Care?
While orthodontic treatment was once mainly limited to children and teens, it is now common for adults to undergo orthodontics as well. Factors influencing who can benefit include:
- Severity of the malocclusion. More significant misalignments typically need orthodontic correction.
- Oral health risks. Those with high cavities risks or gum disease may especially benefit to ease cleanings.
- Appearance concerns. Individuals unhappy with dental aesthetics often see improvement.
- Bite problems. Functional issues like difficulty chewing or jaw clicking mean orthodontics could help.
- Stability of the bite. A poor bite threatens long term dental health if not corrected.
While orthodontic treatment is important during development years for proper growth guidance, it is never too late at any age to benefit from a better, healthier bite. Consultation with an orthodontist is advised.
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