Checkpoint inhibitors are drugs designed to block the interaction between checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1. By inhibiting this interaction, checkpoint inhibitors unleash the immune system's full potential, allowing it to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Key checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have shown remarkable efficacy across multiple cancer types, including melanoma, lung cancer, and bladder cancer.
Another breakthrough in Immuno-oncology Drugs is chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T cell therapy). CAR-T cell therapy involves extracting a patient's own T cells, genetically engineering them to express a specific receptor targeting cancer cells, and then infusing them back into the patient. These modified T cells can recognize and eliminate cancer cells more effectively.
CAR-T cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in the treatment of certain hematological malignancies, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The therapy has shown durable responses, leading to long-term remission in some patients who had exhausted all other treatment options.
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