The process of a Bone Marrow Transplant begins with the collection of stem cells, which can be obtained from the patient (autologous transplant), a sibling, or an unrelated donor (allogeneic transplant). In the case of an allogeneic transplant, the donor is carefully matched with the recipient to minimize the risk of rejection. Once the healthy stem cells are obtained, they are infused into the patient's bloodstream, where they migrate to the bone marrow and begin producing new, healthy blood cells. Bone marrow transplants are commonly used to treat various types of cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
Additionally, they can be employed in the management of non-cancerous conditions, such as severe aplastic anemia and certain immune system disorders. The primary goal of a Bone Marrow Transplant is to eradicate the underlying disease and restore normal blood cell production.However, the procedure itself is complex and carries significant risks. Prior to the transplant, patients undergo a rigorous preparation phase that typically involves high-dose chemotherapy and sometimes total body irradiation.
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